{"id":25837,"date":"2021-01-25T15:26:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T14:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/?p=25837"},"modified":"2022-02-28T09:58:25","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T08:58:25","slug":"sustainability-on-the-horizon-the-new-normal-of-the-future","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/en\/sustainability-on-the-horizon-the-new-normal-of-the-future\/","title":{"rendered":"Sustainability on the horizon: the \u2018new normal\u2019 of the future"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Santiago Vega Garc\u00eda is Professor of Animal Health at the CEU Cardenal Herrera University. We met him to chat about <strong>animal husbandry, grazing and antibiotic resistance<\/strong>, but, most importantly, Santiago asks us to reflect on the importance of <strong>sustainability<\/strong> and equality between regions. The \u2018new normal\u2019 that many of us are desperate to see will provide us with an opportunity to live in harmony with nature and to take care of our planet. It\u2019s up to us to grasp it.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25764 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu-315x258.jpg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu-650x532.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu-768x629.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu-696x570.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_veterinaria_uchceu-513x420.jpg 513w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>In recent times, livestock farming has been the focus of criticism due to the amount of methane that ruminants, such as cows, produce. Is this criticism fair?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>To answer, I\u2019d like to invite to you to <strong>think about something<\/strong>. During the months we spent in lockdown, the cows were still out there in the countryside, as were all the other animals present on farms. However, during that period, we also saw historic drops in the amount of greenhouse gases in the air, especially in urban areas. So, <strong>maybe the problem is not just livestock farming, but also all the cars, planes and industrial activity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>And then, during the lockdown, we changed some of our habits and we saw an increase in some of them, such as online shopping. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/publications\/european-union-greenhouse-gas-inventory-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to the company\u2019s own data<\/a>, Amazon\u2019s carbon footprint in 2018 was 44.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2). That\u2019s bigger than that of nine of the twenty-seven countries which make up the EU. I think this is quite a big clue as to where <strong>one of the biggest sources of pollution on our planet is located<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25768\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"710\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-315x224.jpg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-650x462.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-696x494.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-592x420.jpg 592w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/cow_sostenibilidad-100x70.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There are around eight billion people on the planet. By 2050, according to the estimates of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/home\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/a> (FAO), there\u2019ll be ten billion of us. This means that <strong>we have to increase the production of protein by more than 70% to feed that amount of people<\/strong>. If we unfairly stigmatize livestock farming and turn away from it, then in thirty years\u2019 time, we\u2019re not going to be able to feed the world\u2019s population. It\u2019s true that you can get plant-based proteins, but then how many forests are we going to have to cut down to find the land to sow corn, soya, etc.?<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;If we unfairly stigmatize livestock farming and turn away from it, then in thirty years\u2019 time, we\u2019re not going to be able to feed the world\u2019s population&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>The COVID-19 crisis has really shown the consequences of the loss of biodiversity and how much we need the natural world.<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>99% of the <strong>pandemics that mankind has experienced<\/strong> took place of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, and a large number of them <strong>have been caused by viruses<\/strong>. The viruses that caused them are not new and they\u2019ve been on the planet for much longer than we have. We\u2019ve found evidence of viruses from around 300 million years ago, whereas Homo sapiens have only been around for between 800,000 and 100,000 years. The difference now is that we\u2019re breaking the barriers of biodiversity, which were the dams holding back these viruses and other pathogens.<\/p>\n<p>We break down the barriers of biodiversity when we interact with animals that we haven\u2019t really interacted with before, when we eat wild animals, when we cut down trees\u2026 The coronavirus <strong>may have come from a bat, but it was human activity that invaded their habitat and spread it from there<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;We\u2019re breaking the barriers of biodiversity, which were the dams holding back these viruses and other pathogens&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We\u2019re at a critical juncture and, in some ways, this coronavirus may have made us wake up. It\u2019s stopped the world and has placed us back at the starting gate again. Maybe we should see this situation as an opportunity to start from scratch. If we\u2019re clever, we won\u2019t repeat these mistakes. <strong>Now a climate emergency has been declared<\/strong>. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations<\/a>, <strong>if we don\u2019t change the prevailing dynamic, in a few years the deterioration of the planet will be irreversible<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25771\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature-315x150.jpeg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature-650x309.jpeg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature-768x365.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature-696x331.jpeg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/nature-884x420.jpeg 884w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the words of Harrison Ford, \u201cnature doesn\u2019t need people, people need nature\u201d. So, <strong>we need to find a balance with nature<\/strong>. We\u2019re suffering a worldwide pandemic caused by the way in which we were living. And we all want to go back to \u201cnormal\u201d and yet that was what triggered this situation. So, <strong>we\u2019ll have to find a \u201cnew normal\u201d<\/strong>. We have to start thinking that we can\u2019t live the high life, that <strong>natural resources are not unlimited<\/strong> and that our planet cannot replace these resources at the rate at which we are currently consuming them.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;We\u2019re at a critical juncture and, in some ways, this coronavirus may have made us wake up&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Concepts such as <strong>\u201cOne Health\u201d<\/strong> are the key to create the \u201cnew normal\u201d that we need. <strong>People, animals and the environment are three legs of the same table<\/strong>. If one of them breaks, the table falls over. The reason for that is that these three elements are in close contact and in a very close relationship with one another.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>How important is sustainability for the situation we\u2019re now faced with?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Sustainability<\/strong> is about reducing inequality between different regions of the planet. In 1987, the Brundtland Commission, established by the UN, defined sustainable development or sustainability as: \u201c<strong>development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>And whether we believe it or not, that\u2019s something that affects all of us. For example, <strong>it\u2019s possible that the vaccine against COVID-19 will not reach many countries in Africa, South America, Asia<\/strong> and so, even if we stop the spread of the virus in the First World, it\u2019ll still be with us on this planet. It\u2019ll spread among the inhabitants of the Third World, it\u2019ll change, mutate and move back as a new virus into those places where the population has received the vaccination. So, <strong>equality between regions and sustainability are essential<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Antibiotic resistance is another of the great challenges which we will soon have to face. How have we arrived at this point?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The veterinary use of antibiotics used to represent 73% of the total use of them worldwide. <strong>They were used not to cure diseased animals but to prevent the appearance of disease<\/strong>. Low doses were employed, leading to the emergence of resistant strains to these antibiotics. When we wanted to use them to cure illness, they no longer worked.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25774\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad-315x200.jpg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad-650x413.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad-768x488.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad-696x442.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/farm_sostenibilidad-661x420.jpg 661w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In recent years, in the First World, <strong>the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has decreased considerably<\/strong>. Colistin, for example, is now regarded as an antibiotic of last resort in human medicine and is only used in hospitals. Its use on pig farms in Spain has fallen by 97.18% (2015-2018). In meat-producing poultry farming, the use of antibiotics has also fallen by 70%.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;By 2050, if we don\u2019t reduce the use of antibiotics, ten million people a year may die due to antimicrobial resistance&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>However, <strong>in poor countries, the situation is different<\/strong>. They need to produce protein, and the cheapest way to do that is by using antibiotics. So, <strong>these poorest areas of Africa and Asia are the biggest sources of antibiotic resistance at the moment<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>For this issue, sustainability and, consequently, <strong>equality between regions are again vitally important<\/strong>. By 2050, if we don\u2019t reduce the use of antibiotics, ten million people a year may die due to antimicrobial resistance. This would be a higher rate of mortality than that caused by cancer or traffic accidents.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What effect does the farming of grazing animals have on climate change?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Previously, herds would be fed on whatever pasture was available on the ground. They fed on bushes and brush and kept areas clear of such plant growth. And it was the same for the people living in the countryside, as they would forage for firewood for their homes.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;The practice of grazing lessens the likelihood of forest fires&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Now, we all have natural gas or electricity in our homes, and <strong>the amount of farming with grazing animals has declined<\/strong>. So, <strong>there\u2019s now more brush and thickets and this increases the risk of fire<\/strong>. So, now, <strong>as soon as you have a spark, everything burns much more easily<\/strong>. The practice of grazing lessens the likelihood of forest fires. The conservation of forests and the preservation of biodiversity is very important for the prevention of fires.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25777\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad-315x210.jpg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad-650x434.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad-696x464.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/forest_sostenibilidad-630x420.jpg 630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Why do we need forests?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Every year, <strong>seven million people die of respiratory diseases related to pollution in our cities<\/strong>. That\u2019s why <strong>it\u2019s so important to protect the quality of the air we breathe<\/strong>. If we think of the planet as a body, the rainforests, such as those in the Amazon or Congo basins, are its lungs. Via <strong>photosynthesis<\/strong>, forests capture carbon from the atmosphere, trapping it in biomass and <strong>purifying the air<\/strong> we breathe. It\u2019s essential that we protect forests because their capacity to retain carbon dioxide has already been exceeded.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;If we think of the planet as a body, the rainforests, such as those in the Amazon or Congo basins, are its lungs&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Gonzalo Giner, in his book La bruma verde, tells us that in the Congo basin, the second biggest tropical rainforest in the world after the Amazon, countries such as China are now exploiting an area which is two and a half times the size of the Iberian Peninsula. Illegal logging is taking place there and then the area cleared is used to grow crops. This is gravely damaging one of these planetary lungs.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Do you think we need to change our food model to tackle climate change?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>We need to adjust the amount of food we use to fit our needs. There\u2019s no need to waste food, which is what we\u2019re doing. <strong>What food waste means is that we\u2019re producing more food than we need and, therefore, more pollution<\/strong>. So, if we can adjust our diet to fit what we really need, we\u2019ll be really helping in the fight against climate change.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-25780\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"997\" height=\"1122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad.jpg 997w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad-267x300.jpg 267w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad-650x731.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad-768x864.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad-696x783.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/child_sostenibilidad-373x420.jpg 373w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>And we\u2019ll also be contributing to ending global hunger. It\u2019s not widely known that <strong>45% of the fruit and vegetables harvested across the world are wasted<\/strong>. That\u2019s the equivalent of something like 3.7 billion apples. 30% of cereals produced are also wasted, or 763 billion packets of pasta, and of the 263 million tonnes of meat produced worldwide, 20% is wasted, which is the equivalent of 75 million cows. Isn\u2019t that amazing?<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;If we can adjust our diet to fit what we really need, we\u2019ll be really helping in the fight against climate change&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In total, according to the FAO, 1.3 billion tonnes of food produced for human consumption is wasted, a third of the total.<\/p>\n<p>This waste occurs across all the processes of production, agriculture, processing, distribution and consumption. In other words, <strong>farmers, companies, restaurants and consumers all bear responsibility for the extraordinary amount of food which is thrown away<\/strong>. And all of this is happening while 821 million people around the world are going hungry. To simplify, this means that one in nine people suffer from food insecurity and yet we produce more than enough food for everyone.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>To finish, what are the great sustainability challenges ahead of us?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-25724\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_1-140x140.jpg 140w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_1-280x280.jpg 280w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/veterinaria\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/12\/2021\/01\/santiago_vega_1.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>One of the main challenges we\u2019re going to be faced with is the <strong>increase in population<\/strong> over the next few years. We have to think about how we are going to feed these people.<\/p>\n<p>Another important issue is the <strong>need to research and innovate<\/strong> to find sustainable solutions, solutions which don\u2019t further damage the planet.<\/p>\n<p>And, last but not least, <strong>we need to communicate, to make sure people know about all this<\/strong>. We need to raise awareness of the concept of One Health and journalists and the media have a very important role to play in that respect.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>&#8220;Communication is the key to winning people over&#8221;<\/strong><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Santiago Vega Garc\u00eda is Professor of Animal Health at the CEU Cardenal Herrera University. We met him to chat about animal husbandry, grazing and antibiotic resistance, but, most importantly, Santiago asks us to reflect on the importance of sustainability and equality between regions. The \u2018new normal\u2019 that many of us are desperate to see will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":362,"featured_media":25894,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1076],"tags":[1121,1120],"class_list":{"0":"post-25837","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-our-lecturers","8":"tag-one-health-en","9":"tag-sustainability"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sustainability on the horizon: the \u2018new normal\u2019 of the future<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sustainability: an opportunity to live in harmony with nature and to take care of our planet. 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