{"id":4168,"date":"2026-06-08T08:55:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T06:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/?p=4168"},"modified":"2026-06-25T13:11:06","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T11:11:06","slug":"zitan-peng-haos-research-stay-in-budapest-three-months-at-the-epicentre-of-hungarys-democratic-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/en\/zitan-peng-haos-research-stay-in-budapest-three-months-at-the-epicentre-of-hungarys-democratic-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Zitan Peng Hao’s research stay in Budapest: three months at the epicentre of Hungary’s democratic change"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doctoral candidate Zitan Peng Hao<\/strong> is in his final weeks of his first internationa reseach stay at the Institute for Legal Studies of the Center for Social Science<\/a> in Budapest, Hungary, under the supervision of Professor Fruzsina G\u00e1rdos-Orosz<\/a><\/strong>, who during the early months of the stay transitioned from her position as director of the Institute for Legal Studies to Secretary of State at the Ministry of Justice in Hungary’s new governement. The stay has taken place between 1 April and 30 June 2026 and has proven to be one of the most enriching experiences of his doctoral training, both from the academic standpoint and from the perspective of empirical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Doctoral candidate Zitan Peng Hao with Professor Fruzsina G\u00e1rdos-Orosz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The choice of Budapest as the location for the research stay was no coincidence. The doctoral candidate’s thesis, focused on the political and legal mechanisms for resolving the crisis of values in the Eupean Union<\/strong>, with special reference to budgetary instruments, has Hungary as one of its two main case studies alongside Spain. Arriving in Budapest in April 2026 meant arriving at excatly the right momento: on 12 April 2026<\/strong>, just eleven days after the start of the stay, Hungary’s general elections<\/strong> took place, bringing an end to 16 years of Viktor Orb\u00e1n’s governement and delivering victory to P\u00e9ter Magyar<\/strong> with 2\/3 majority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This exceptional circumstances turned the stay into a firstrate field research experience. The doctoral candidate has been able to witness the political transition firsthand, speak with local researchers and legal experts about the implications of the change of government for the Rule of Law, and test the hypotheses of his thesis against the reality he is experiencing on the ground. As some of his colleagues at the institute remarked from the very first day: “you have arrived the best possible moment for you research topic”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Days after the elections, the Institute for Legal Studies and re:constitution jointly organised a workshop entitled “Hungary 2026: Elections, Institutions, Participation”<\/a><\/strong>, a day of analysis of the electoral results that brought together researchers specialising in constitution law, political science and European Union law. The doctoral candidate had the honour of serving for the first time as moderator in two of the forth panels<\/strong>, his first experience in this role at an international forum. The event, which ran from 9:00 to 18:00, generated an intense debate on the institutional implications of the change of government and the prospects for the restoration of the Rule of Law in Hungary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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The Director General of the Centre for Social Sciences and the Director of the Institute for Legal Studies at the opening ceremony<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The doctoral candidate as moderator in one of the panels<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Throughout the 3 months, Professor G\u00e1rdos-Orosz facilitated the doctoral candidate’s access to a wide network of researchers at the institute and other academic institutions in Budapest. Among the most notable activitives, mention should be made of attendance at conferences delivered by professors from the ELTE University<\/a><\/strong>, visits to the library of the ELTE Faculty of Law<\/strong> and the Central European University library<\/strong>, as well as guided visit to the Hungarian Parliament Library<\/a><\/strong>, which granted the doctral candidate annual access to both its physical collections and its databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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The fa\u00e7ade of the Faculty of Law of ELTE University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The signage board displaying the different departments within the Faculty of Law of ELTE Universtiy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Vintage-style name plates of the professors<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The fa\u00e7ade of library of the Central European University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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The fa\u00e7ade of Hungarian Parliament’s library<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
The doctoral candidate attending a team event in Valencia virtually from the Hungarian Parliament Library<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
Professor Pozs\u00e1r-Szentmikl\u00f3sy Zolt\u00e1n explaining the situation in Hungary over the last 20 years to the doctral candidates<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The doctoral candidate also participated in events organised by the Democracy Institute <\/a>of the Central European University<\/strong>, where he had the opportunity to meet internationally recognised resesarchers in the field of Rule of Law and members of the research team, such as Professor Dimitry Kochenov<\/a><\/strong>, as well as young doctoral candidates working on militant democracies and threats to the Rule of Law. Among the most notable events was the conference “Rule of Law in Crisis<\/a><\/strong>” jointly organized by the Democracy Institute and POLEMO<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Event organized by the Democracy Institute and POLEMO; in the audience on the right at the back, Professors Dimitry Kochenov and Sara Ganty can be seen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Informal conversations and shared meals with researchers at the institute proved equally valuable for the progress of the thesis. In particular, the exchange with Dr. Szentg\u00e1li-T\u00f3th Boldizs\u00e1r<\/a><\/strong> allowed the doctoral candidate to reflect on the real role that the various EU mechanisms have played in Hungary’s political evolution, including the conditionality regulation<\/strong>, whose effectiveness as an instrument of indirect pressure has been one fo the central debates of the stay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beyond the specific activities, the stay has represented a turnng point in the way the doctoral candidate understands the subjetcts of his research. Before arriving in Budapest, the analysis of the Hungarian situation was based exclusively on documents, reports and academic articles. The direct experience has allowed him to nuance and enrich that vision: the everyday reality of Budapest differs from the image that reports on the Rule of law<\/strong> sometimes projects, and understanding that distance is fundamental for a rigorous comparative analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The stay is also confirming one of the central arguments of the doctral work: that the conditionality regulation<\/strong> and the freezing of European funds, while not sufficient instruments on their own, have contributed significantly to creating the conditions that have made political change in Hungary possible. And that the combination of institutional pressue, time<\/strong>, and citizen mobilization are the most effective solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The doctoral candidte wishes to express his most sincere gratitude to Professor Fruzsina G\u00e1rdos-Orosz and the entire team at the Institute for Legal Studies for their generous welcome, their constant availability, and the extraordinary quality of the academic environment they have made available to him throughout these 3 months.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a final anecdote: Hungarian citizens have a passion for the Mediterranean too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Advertisement promoting tourism to the city of Valencia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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