{"id":3823,"date":"2026-03-09T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/?p=3823"},"modified":"2026-03-10T22:23:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-10T21:23:03","slug":"conference-freedom-of-expression-disinformation-and-the-rule-of-law-in-europe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/en\/conference-freedom-of-expression-disinformation-and-the-rule-of-law-in-europe\/","title":{"rendered":"Conference\u00a0&#8220;Freedom\u00a0of\u00a0Expression,\u00a0disinformation, and\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0Europe\u201d\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>On Thursday, 26 February 2026, the <strong>conference \u201cFreedom of Expression, Disinformation and the Rule of Law in Europe\u201d<\/strong> took place at the Palacio de Colomina,  organised by the <strong>research group on the crisis of the Rule of Law in the European Union at CEU Cardenal Herrera University<\/strong>. This activity forms part of the research project <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/proyectos\/pid2021-126765nb-i00\/\">PID2021\u2011126765NB\u2011100<\/a><\/strong>, funded by <strong>the Ministry of Science and Innovation and entitled \u201cCrisis of the Rule of Law in Europe\u201d<\/strong>, led by Susana Sanz Caballero and Antonio Bar Cend\u00f3n. Within the framework of this project, <strong>an international team of fifteen researchers from six European countries has spent the past four years analysing and reflecting on the attacks suffered by the Rule of Law in Spain, Estonia, Croatia, Italy, Poland and Hungary, as well as in the European Union more broadly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor of Public International Law <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchceu.es\/directorio\/ssanz\"><strong>Susana Sanz Caballero<\/strong><\/a>, leader of the CEU\u2011UCH research group, referred to a <strong>new research project funded by the Generalitat Valenciana that has recently been awarded to the team to investigate the relationship between the decline of the Rule of Law and hybrid threats<\/strong>. In her presentation, she noted: \u201cWhile debating within our research group, we realised that a key factor was the disinformation spread by both state and non\u2011state actors.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3806\" style=\"width:684px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-1068x710.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00010-edited-1.jpg 1637w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">From left to right: Marta Hern\u00e1ndez, Jaume Suau, Paulina Astroza, Leopoldo Garc\u00eda, Susana Sanz, Enrique Rocher, Irene Roche, Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez, Carlos Espali\u00fa, Zitan Peng, Jorge Cardona, and Almudena Del Castillo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Link to the Actualidad CEU news article: <a href=\"https:\/\/medios.uchceu.es\/actualidad-ceu\/expertos-internacionales-evaluan-en-valencia-como-afecta-la-desinformacion-y-la-falta-de-pluralismo-mediatico-al-estado-de-derecho-en-europa\/\">Expertos internacionales eval\u00faan en Valencia c\u00f3mo afecta la desinformaci\u00f3n y la falta de pluralismo medi\u00e1tico al Estado de Derecho en Europa<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;event&nbsp;began&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;presentation&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;database&nbsp;that&nbsp;analyzes&nbsp;media&nbsp;coverage&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;presence&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Spanish&nbsp;press&nbsp;of&nbsp;terms&nbsp;associated&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;concept&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Rule&nbsp;of&nbsp;Law.&nbsp;<strong>The&nbsp;presentation&nbsp;was&nbsp;delivered&nbsp;by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchceu.es\/directorio\/carlos-gonzaleztormo\">Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez Tormo<\/a>,&nbsp;adjunct&nbsp;professor&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Department&nbsp;of&nbsp;Political&nbsp;Science&nbsp;at CEU UCH, and&nbsp;the&nbsp;tool&nbsp;was&nbsp;developed&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;research&nbsp;group&nbsp;led&nbsp;by&nbsp;Dr. Sanz.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>This&nbsp;database&nbsp;covers&nbsp;the&nbsp;period&nbsp;from&nbsp;2019&nbsp;to&nbsp;2025 <\/strong>and&nbsp;makes&nbsp;it&nbsp;possible&nbsp;to&nbsp;identify&nbsp;changes&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;those&nbsp;observed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Spanish&nbsp;press&nbsp;since&nbsp;2024,&nbsp;where&nbsp;issues&nbsp;like&nbsp;corruption&nbsp;cases&nbsp;or&nbsp;media&nbsp;pluralism&nbsp;have&nbsp;increasingly&nbsp;been&nbsp;linked&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;crisis&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Rule&nbsp;of&nbsp;Law. In&nbsp;this&nbsp;regard,&nbsp;until&nbsp;2024 human&nbsp;rights&nbsp;appeared&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;isolated&nbsp;topic,&nbsp;whereas&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;now&nbsp;addressed&nbsp;in a more&nbsp;structural&nbsp;manner&nbsp;and are&nbsp;discussed&nbsp;alongside&nbsp;coverage&nbsp;of&nbsp;war&nbsp;and&nbsp;armed&nbsp;conflicts&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;media.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-id=\"3822\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3822\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-1068x710.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-1920x1277.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1-632x420.jpg 632w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00018-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3789\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00037.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eldebate.com\/espana\/comunidad-valenciana\/20260226\/expertos-internacionales-evaluan-valencia-como-afecta-desinformacion-falta-pluralismo-mediatico_389701.html\">Expertos internacionales eval\u00faan en Valencia c\u00f3mo afecta la desinformaci\u00f3n y la falta de pluralismo medi\u00e1tico<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;first&nbsp;roundtable,&nbsp;titled&nbsp;<strong>\u201cMedia&nbsp;Pluralism&nbsp;and&nbsp;Information&nbsp;Capture: Legal and&nbsp;Regulatory&nbsp;Aspects,\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong>was&nbsp;moderated&nbsp;by&nbsp;<strong>Dr. Jorge Cardona,&nbsp;Professor&nbsp;of&nbsp;Public&nbsp;International&nbsp;Law&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;University&nbsp;of&nbsp;Valencia,&nbsp;<\/strong>who&nbsp;stated: \u201cInformation&nbsp;capture&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;structural&nbsp;distortion&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;public&nbsp;sphere&nbsp;and&nbsp;strategic&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;when&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;promoted&nbsp;by&nbsp;state&nbsp;or&nbsp;para\u2011state&nbsp;actors&nbsp;for&nbsp;political&nbsp;purposes.\u201d He&nbsp;emphasized&nbsp;the&nbsp;importance&nbsp;of&nbsp;bringing&nbsp;together&nbsp;freedom&nbsp;of&nbsp;expression,&nbsp;the&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;public&nbsp;sphere, and&nbsp;sovereignty. He&nbsp;concluded&nbsp;by&nbsp;posing&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;question&nbsp;to&nbsp;open&nbsp;the&nbsp;intellectual&nbsp;debate&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;speakers: <strong>\u201cHow&nbsp;can&nbsp;we&nbsp;protect&nbsp;democracy&nbsp;without&nbsp;weakening&nbsp;pluralism?\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Irene Roche Laguna, Head&nbsp;of&nbsp;Unit&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;European&nbsp;Commission&nbsp;responsible&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;coordination&nbsp;and&nbsp;enforcement&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Services&nbsp;Act&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Markets&nbsp;Act,<\/strong>&nbsp;focused&nbsp;her&nbsp;remarks&nbsp;on&nbsp;<strong>\u201cthe&nbsp;European&nbsp;regulatory&nbsp;framework:&nbsp;the&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Services&nbsp;Act,&nbsp;the&nbsp;European&nbsp;Democracy&nbsp;Action&nbsp;Plan,&nbsp;the&nbsp;EU,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Media&nbsp;Freedom&nbsp;Act, and&nbsp;the&nbsp;limits&nbsp;to&nbsp;freedom&nbsp;of&nbsp;expression.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>As a&nbsp;specialist&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;field,&nbsp;she&nbsp;was&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;describe&nbsp;firsthand&nbsp;how&nbsp;EU&nbsp;legislation&nbsp;is&nbsp;applied&nbsp;in&nbsp;practice. <\/strong>&#8220;When&nbsp;we&nbsp;began&nbsp;working&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;DSA,&nbsp;the&nbsp;Charter&nbsp;of&nbsp;Fundamental&nbsp;Rights&nbsp;was&nbsp;applied&nbsp;vertically.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;the&nbsp;CJEU&nbsp;had&nbsp;already&nbsp;begun&nbsp;applying&nbsp;it&nbsp;horizontally.\u201d&nbsp;These&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;have&nbsp;an&nbsp;impact, and&nbsp;content\u2011moderation&nbsp;decisions&nbsp;on&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;are&nbsp;becoming&nbsp;increasingly&nbsp;frequent.&nbsp;Evidence&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;that,&nbsp;since&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;half&nbsp;of&nbsp;2025,&nbsp;nine&nbsp;billion&nbsp;content\u2011moderation&nbsp;decisions&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;recorded, 99%&nbsp;of&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;platforms\u2019&nbsp;own&nbsp;terms&nbsp;and&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;for&nbsp;content&nbsp;moderation,&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;on&nbsp;decisions&nbsp;imposed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;public&nbsp;authority, as Irene Roche&nbsp;explained.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding&nbsp;questions&nbsp;about&nbsp;who&nbsp;censors&nbsp;the&nbsp;internet,&nbsp;the&nbsp;expert&nbsp;responded&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;themselves.&nbsp;Platforms&nbsp;are&nbsp;responsible&nbsp;for&nbsp;content,&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Services&nbsp;Act&nbsp;(DSA)&nbsp;seeks&nbsp;to&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;held&nbsp;liable&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;itself&nbsp;and&nbsp;that&nbsp;their&nbsp;role&nbsp;focuses&nbsp;on&nbsp;organizing&nbsp;it,&nbsp;an&nbsp;obligation&nbsp;imposed&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;DSA.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"415\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1024x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1024x415.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-768x311.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1536x622.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-2048x829.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-150x61.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-696x282.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1068x433.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1920x778.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_091008990_iOS-1-copia-1037x420.jpg 1037w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Jaume Suau, Jorge Cardona, Irene Roche and Carlos Esparli\u00fa. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Algorithms&nbsp;also&nbsp;influence&nbsp;national&nbsp;and&nbsp;European&nbsp;electoral&nbsp;processes.&nbsp;<\/strong>Although&nbsp;the&nbsp;labeling&nbsp;of&nbsp;deepfakes&nbsp;improved&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;2024&nbsp;European&nbsp;elections, thereby&nbsp;reducing&nbsp;the&nbsp;presence&nbsp;of&nbsp;AI\u2011generated&nbsp;fabricated&nbsp;content, it&nbsp;is&nbsp;ultimately&nbsp;algorithms&nbsp;that&nbsp;determine&nbsp;what&nbsp;content&nbsp;reaches&nbsp;users, as&nbsp;the&nbsp;Head&nbsp;of&nbsp;Unit&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;Commission&nbsp;noted.&nbsp;This&nbsp;dynamic&nbsp;greatly&nbsp;contributes&nbsp;to&nbsp;reinforcing&nbsp;the&nbsp;phenomenon&nbsp;of&nbsp;media capture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jaume&nbsp;Suau&nbsp;Mart\u00ednez, principal&nbsp;investigator&nbsp;at DIGILAB: Media,&nbsp;Strategy&nbsp;and&nbsp;Regulation,&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;Blanquerna&nbsp;School&nbsp;of&nbsp;Communication&nbsp;and International&nbsp;Relations&nbsp;at Ramon Llull&nbsp;University,&nbsp;<\/strong>focused&nbsp;his&nbsp;presentation,&nbsp;titled<strong>&nbsp;\u201cThe&nbsp;State&nbsp;of&nbsp;Disinformation&nbsp;in&nbsp;Europe:&nbsp;Which&nbsp;Instruments&nbsp;Have&nbsp;Worked&nbsp;and&nbsp;Which&nbsp;Have&nbsp;Not?\u201d,&nbsp;<\/strong>on&nbsp;the&nbsp;importance&nbsp;of&nbsp;information&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;role&nbsp;of&nbsp;media&nbsp;pluralism,&nbsp;grounded&nbsp;in&nbsp;transparent&nbsp;systems&nbsp;and a&nbsp;genuinely&nbsp;pluralistic&nbsp;environment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;attack&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;necessary&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;of&nbsp;information&nbsp;can&nbsp;occur&nbsp;not&nbsp;only&nbsp;through&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;and&nbsp;hate&nbsp;speech,&nbsp;but&nbsp;also&nbsp;through&nbsp;the&nbsp;generation&nbsp;of&nbsp;informational&nbsp;noise.<strong>&nbsp;It&nbsp;becomes&nbsp;particularly&nbsp;concerning&nbsp;\u201cwhen&nbsp;conditions&nbsp;are&nbsp;created&nbsp;or&nbsp;facilitated&nbsp;that&nbsp;lead&nbsp;people&nbsp;to&nbsp;stop&nbsp;believing&nbsp;in&nbsp;shared&nbsp;realms&nbsp;of&nbsp;truth.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr.&nbsp;Suau&nbsp;highlighted&nbsp;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;establish&nbsp;standards&nbsp;that&nbsp;allow&nbsp;for&nbsp;measuring&nbsp;trust in&nbsp;the&nbsp;quality&nbsp;of&nbsp;media&nbsp;coverage. He&nbsp;also&nbsp;noted&nbsp;that<strong>&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;possible&nbsp;to&nbsp;identify&nbsp;how&nbsp;different&nbsp;types&nbsp;of&nbsp;content&nbsp;refer&nbsp;to&nbsp;specific&nbsp;ideas in&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;study&nbsp;the&nbsp;impact&nbsp;of&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;and&nbsp;analyze&nbsp;how&nbsp;these&nbsp;narratives&nbsp;influence&nbsp;public&nbsp;opinion.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In light&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;situation, Jaume&nbsp;Suau&nbsp;advocates&nbsp;for&nbsp;citizens&nbsp;to&nbsp;adopt&nbsp;a&nbsp;responsible&nbsp;approach&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;the&nbsp;origin&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;information&nbsp;they&nbsp;receive,&nbsp;while&nbsp;also&nbsp;emphasizing&nbsp;the&nbsp;importance&nbsp;of&nbsp;traditional&nbsp;media in&nbsp;countering&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;outlets.&nbsp;Finally, he&nbsp;pointed&nbsp;out&nbsp;that&nbsp;legislative&nbsp;initiatives&nbsp;could&nbsp;help&nbsp;regulate&nbsp;disinformation,&nbsp;although&nbsp;doing&nbsp;so&nbsp;would&nbsp;require&nbsp;political&nbsp;consensus&nbsp;to&nbsp;avoid&nbsp;potential&nbsp;forms&nbsp;of&nbsp;censorship.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3829\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00019-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3825\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3825\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00023.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lastly,<strong> Dr. Carlos Espali\u00fa Berdud, Professor of Public International Law and International Relations at the University CEU Fernando III, <\/strong>concluded the first roundtable with a presentation on<strong> \u201cThe European Union\u2019s Fight Against Disinformation Sponsored by Foreign States.\u201d<\/strong> He began by noting that information manipulation is not a new phenomenon and can be used for economic, political, and even military purposes, becoming extremely harmful when it takes the form of a disinformation campaign. He defined<strong> disinformation as: \u201cThe orchestrated dissemination of false news through television channels, newspapers, or social media with the aim of securing an economic or political benefit for an individual or a State.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Drawing on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union,<strong> Dr. Espali\u00fa reviewed how disinformation has been addressed, emphasizing respect for differing opinions and the possibility of debating information and the potential falsity of the content to which citizens are exposed. <\/strong>In light of the use of disinformation as a hybrid threat, he cited several studies, noting that \u201cour media have become a geopolitical battleground.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this regard,<strong> Carlos Espali\u00fa made a historical distinction between the \u201cpaper war\u201d fought by the EU through soft\u2011law mechanisms and the paradigm shift that occurred from 2022 onward with the adoption of hard\u2011law instruments.<\/strong> \u201cIn 2022, the EU created the Strategic Compass, a key document,\u201d he explained, proposing a much more stringent set of measures to counter foreign disinformation campaigns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The speaker noted that a large\u2011scale disinformation campaign capable of causing severe consequences, such as genocide or secession, could even be considered an armed attack. <\/strong>He also pointed out that, although it is difficult today to imagine a campaign directed exclusively against the EU, if such a scenario were to occur, the Union itself would not be able to defend itself directly; however, Member States could do so by invoking the mutual assistance clause under Article 42.7 of the Treaty on European Union. Finally, he stressed that the EU\u2019s response to disinformation has evolved from more flexible instruments to a more robust regulatory framework, although its effectiveness ultimately depends on cooperation among institutions, private actors, and citizens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-1024x496.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-1024x496.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-768x372.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-1536x744.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-2048x993.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-150x73.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-696x337.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-1068x518.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-1920x930.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/20260226_124732905_iOS-1-867x420.jpg 867w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Paulina Astroza, Clara Portela, Leopoldo Garc\u00eda and Marta Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;second&nbsp;roundtable,&nbsp;titled&nbsp;<strong>\u201cDisinformation&nbsp;as a&nbsp;Hybrid&nbsp;Threat&nbsp;to&nbsp;Democracy\u201d,<\/strong>&nbsp;was&nbsp;moderated&nbsp;by&nbsp;<strong>Clara Portela,&nbsp;Associate&nbsp;Professor&nbsp;of&nbsp;Political&nbsp;Science&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;University&nbsp;of&nbsp;Valencia and a&nbsp;member&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;research&nbsp;team&nbsp;led&nbsp;by&nbsp;Dr. Sanz&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;crisis&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Rule&nbsp;of&nbsp;Law&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;EU.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchceu.es\/directorio\/leopoldo-garcia\">Leopoldo Garc\u00eda Ruiz<\/a>,&nbsp;Professor&nbsp;of&nbsp;Philosophy&nbsp;of&nbsp;Law&nbsp;at CEU Cardenal Herrera&nbsp;University&nbsp;and&nbsp;member&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;research&nbsp;group<\/strong>,&nbsp;referred&nbsp;to&nbsp;hybrid&nbsp;threats&nbsp;by&nbsp;noting&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201canyone&nbsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;interest&nbsp;in&nbsp;influencing&nbsp;public&nbsp;discourse&nbsp;can resort&nbsp;to&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;strategies,&nbsp;hire&nbsp;professionals&nbsp;in digital media,&nbsp;or&nbsp;rely&nbsp;on&nbsp;memes, heirs&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;classic&nbsp;political&nbsp;caricature, which&nbsp;spread&nbsp;rapidly&nbsp;and are&nbsp;highly&nbsp;effective.\u201d Dr. Garc\u00eda Ruiz&nbsp;also&nbsp;described&nbsp;the&nbsp;scenario&nbsp;of&nbsp;so\u2011called&nbsp;\u201ccognitive&nbsp;warfare\u201d as&nbsp;an&nbsp;evolution&nbsp;of&nbsp;traditional&nbsp;propaganda,&nbsp;characterized&nbsp;by&nbsp;its&nbsp;greater&nbsp;capacity&nbsp;for&nbsp;dissemination&nbsp;and&nbsp;lower&nbsp;cost. In&nbsp;this&nbsp;context, he&nbsp;pointed&nbsp;out&nbsp;that&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;has&nbsp;become&nbsp;a&nbsp;common&nbsp;tool,&nbsp;used&nbsp;both&nbsp;by&nbsp;autocratic&nbsp;states&nbsp;and&nbsp;by&nbsp;others&nbsp;whose&nbsp;political&nbsp;systems&nbsp;resemble&nbsp;those&nbsp;of&nbsp;Western&nbsp;democracies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3831\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00024.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3820\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3820\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00028.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>However,&nbsp;<strong>some&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;proposed&nbsp;measures&nbsp;include&nbsp;ensuring&nbsp;the&nbsp;existence&nbsp;of&nbsp;free and&nbsp;pluralistic&nbsp;media in&nbsp;Europe&nbsp;in&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;improve&nbsp;transparency&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;media&nbsp;ownership, as&nbsp;envisaged&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;DSA&nbsp;mechanism<\/strong>.&nbsp;Among&nbsp;the&nbsp;proposals&nbsp;are&nbsp;guaranteeing&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;to&nbsp;information&nbsp;so as&nbsp;to&nbsp;demand&nbsp;greater&nbsp;transparency,&nbsp;both&nbsp;algorithmic&nbsp;and&nbsp;from&nbsp;those&nbsp;in&nbsp;government,&nbsp;and&nbsp;establishing&nbsp;sanctions&nbsp;in cases&nbsp;of&nbsp;repeated&nbsp;non\u2011compliance,&nbsp;including&nbsp;the&nbsp;possibility&nbsp;of&nbsp;disqualification&nbsp;from&nbsp;holding&nbsp;public&nbsp;office.&nbsp;Another&nbsp;measure&nbsp;involves&nbsp;strengthening&nbsp;shared&nbsp;narrative&nbsp;frameworks,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;official&nbsp;French&nbsp;government&nbsp;account&nbsp;dedicated&nbsp;to&nbsp;countering&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;by&nbsp;debunking&nbsp;and&nbsp;persuading.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor&nbsp;Leopoldo Garc\u00eda Ruiz&nbsp;concluded&nbsp;his&nbsp;remarks&nbsp;by&nbsp;noting&nbsp;that&nbsp;freedom&nbsp;of&nbsp;expression&nbsp;makes&nbsp;us&nbsp;vulnerable and&nbsp;is&nbsp;exploited&nbsp;by&nbsp;external&nbsp;actors,&nbsp;but&nbsp;it&nbsp;also&nbsp;<strong>\u201cmakes&nbsp;us&nbsp;who&nbsp;we&nbsp;are, and&nbsp;defending&nbsp;it&nbsp;allows&nbsp;us&nbsp;to&nbsp;remain&nbsp;consistent&nbsp;with&nbsp;our&nbsp;values.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paulina Astroza Su\u00e1rez, PhD in&nbsp;Political&nbsp;and Social&nbsp;Sciences&nbsp;(International&nbsp;Relations), Jean Monnet&nbsp;Chair&nbsp;and&nbsp;Director&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Center&nbsp;for&nbsp;European&nbsp;Studies&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;University&nbsp;of&nbsp;Concepci\u00f3n (Chile),<\/strong>&nbsp;delivered&nbsp;a&nbsp;presentation&nbsp;titled&nbsp;<strong>\u201cThe&nbsp;Necessary&nbsp;Balance Between Security,&nbsp;Pluralism, and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Rule&nbsp;of&nbsp;Law.\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong>She&nbsp;argued&nbsp;that&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a competitive&nbsp;rivalry&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;United&nbsp;States,&nbsp;particularly&nbsp;in&nbsp;areas&nbsp;such&nbsp;as artificial&nbsp;intelligence, data, and&nbsp;fiber\u2011optic&nbsp;infrastructure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In&nbsp;this&nbsp;regard,&nbsp;she&nbsp;described&nbsp;several&nbsp;actions&nbsp;taken&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;administration&nbsp;that&nbsp;affect&nbsp;Chilean&nbsp;technological&nbsp;sovereignty.&nbsp;While&nbsp;structural&nbsp;changes&nbsp;can be&nbsp;observed,&nbsp;the&nbsp;scholar&nbsp;emphasized&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cwe&nbsp;are&nbsp;living&nbsp;through&nbsp;tectonic&nbsp;moments&nbsp;in&nbsp;international&nbsp;relations.\u201d<strong>&nbsp;We&nbsp;therefore&nbsp;find&nbsp;ourselves&nbsp;in&nbsp;an&nbsp;infodemic:&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;access&nbsp;to&nbsp;vast&nbsp;amounts&nbsp;of&nbsp;information,&nbsp;yet&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;time&nbsp;we&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;know&nbsp;what&nbsp;is&nbsp;true and&nbsp;what&nbsp;is&nbsp;not.&nbsp;<\/strong>It&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;important&nbsp;to&nbsp;note&nbsp;that&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;today&nbsp;has a&nbsp;strong&nbsp;emotional&nbsp;impact, and&nbsp;these&nbsp;emotions&nbsp;in&nbsp;turn&nbsp;affect&nbsp;democracy&nbsp;itself,&nbsp;influencing&nbsp;electoral&nbsp;processes.&nbsp;Faced&nbsp;with&nbsp;this&nbsp;situation, Paulina&nbsp;Astroza&nbsp;highlighted&nbsp;the&nbsp;importance&nbsp;of&nbsp;digital&nbsp;literacy&nbsp;and&nbsp;stressed&nbsp;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;not&nbsp;to&nbsp;remain&nbsp;silent, as&nbsp;doing&nbsp;so&nbsp;would&nbsp;leave&nbsp;the&nbsp;public&nbsp;sphere&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;hands&nbsp;of&nbsp;those&nbsp;who&nbsp;use&nbsp;these&nbsp;channels&nbsp;to&nbsp;spread&nbsp;disinformation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3844\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00005.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" data-id=\"3842\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00032.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>For&nbsp;her&nbsp;part, <strong>Marta Hern\u00e1ndez Ruiz,&nbsp;Assistant&nbsp;Professor&nbsp;of&nbsp;International&nbsp;Relations&nbsp;at Loyola&nbsp;University&nbsp;Seville, noted,&nbsp;regarding&nbsp;\u201cThe&nbsp;Responsibility&nbsp;of&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Platforms\u201d,&nbsp;<\/strong>that&nbsp;the&nbsp;way&nbsp;citizens&nbsp;perceive&nbsp;information&nbsp;has a&nbsp;direct&nbsp;impact&nbsp;on&nbsp;their&nbsp;behavior,&nbsp;including&nbsp;during&nbsp;elections.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Within&nbsp;the&nbsp;European&nbsp;Union,&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a line&nbsp;of&nbsp;action&nbsp;focused&nbsp;on&nbsp;directly&nbsp;combating&nbsp;disinformation,&nbsp;understood&nbsp;as a&nbsp;hybrid&nbsp;threat,&nbsp;while&nbsp;progress&nbsp;has&nbsp;also&nbsp;been&nbsp;made&nbsp;toward&nbsp;structural&nbsp;reforms.&nbsp;Likewise,<strong>&nbsp;various&nbsp;psychological&nbsp;studies&nbsp;show&nbsp;how&nbsp;disinformation&nbsp;affects&nbsp;public&nbsp;opinion,&nbsp;since&nbsp;the&nbsp;impact&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;falsehood&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;always&nbsp;corrected&nbsp;even&nbsp;when&nbsp;accurate&nbsp;information&nbsp;is&nbsp;later&nbsp;provided.&nbsp;<\/strong>Since&nbsp;the&nbsp;creation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;voluntary&nbsp;Code&nbsp;of&nbsp;Good&nbsp;Practices,&nbsp;tools&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Services&nbsp;Act&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;developed&nbsp;to&nbsp;counter&nbsp;disinformation.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;academics&nbsp;and&nbsp;observatories&nbsp;continue&nbsp;to&nbsp;assess&nbsp;the&nbsp;degree&nbsp;to&nbsp;which&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;are&nbsp;implementing&nbsp;the&nbsp;commitments&nbsp;set&nbsp;out&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Code.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Regarding\u00a0the\u00a0reaction\u00a0to\u00a0EU\u00a0hard\u2011law\u00a0regulations\u00a0aimed\u00a0at\u00a0addressing\u00a0disinformation,\u00a0monitoring\u00a0by\u00a0platforms\u00a0designated\u00a0as\u00a0VLOPs (very large online platforms)\u00a0is\u00a0particularly\u00a0relevant\u00a0in\u00a0order\u00a0to\u00a0verify\u00a0compliance\u00a0with\u00a0their\u00a0obligations.<\/strong> In\u00a0this\u00a0regard,\u00a0the\u00a0establishment\u00a0of\u00a0an\u00a0ad\u00a0repository\u00a0is\u00a0essential\u00a0for\u00a0identifying\u00a0who\u00a0finances\u00a0advertising\u00a0on\u00a0platforms,\u00a0especially\u00a0political\u00a0advertising.\u00a0For\u00a0this\u00a0reason,\u00a0the\u00a0EU\u00a0Regulation\u00a0governs\u00a0the\u00a0transparency\u00a0and targeting\u00a0of\u00a0political\u00a0advertising.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, during her presentation, Dr. Hern\u00e1ndez discussed several cases addressed by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the implementation of the DSA and other regulatory instruments by platforms, particularly very large online platforms (VLOPs). In this context, she emphasized that <strong>\u201cdisinformation must be addressed from a dual perspective: the joint fight against disinformation and the defense of the Rule of Law.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3814\" style=\"width:796px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-696x463.jpg 696w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-1068x711.jpg 1068w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008-631x420.jpg 631w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/45\/2026\/03\/jornada-desinformacion-rule-of-law-crisis-eu-ceu-uch-00008.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Marta Hern\u00e1ndez, Paulina Astroza, Jaume Suau, Leopoldo Garc\u00eda, Susana Sanz, Irene Roche, Carlos Esparli\u00fa and Jorge Cardona<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>For all these reasons, it can be concluded that the conference organized by the <strong>research group of CEU Cardenal Herrera University <\/strong>offered both the speakers and the attending public the opportunity to share their views on the <strong>phenomenon of disinformation<\/strong>, which is employed by various actors as a deterrent and, in many cases, with polarizing intent. In the face of <strong>new hybrid threats to the stability of the Rule of Law<\/strong>, and in addition to providing a critical perspective on disinformation, experts agree on the need for citizens to ask themselves: who is giving me this information, how they are presenting it, and why they are telling it to me.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Thursday, 26 February 2026, the conference \u201cFreedom of Expression, Disinformation and the Rule of Law in Europe\u201d took place at the Palacio de Colomina, organised by the research group on the crisis of the Rule of Law in the European Union at CEU Cardenal Herrera University. This activity forms part of the research project [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":601,"featured_media":3806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[552,26,497,476],"tags":[102,85,585,37,38,97,54],"class_list":{"0":"post-3823","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-academic-activities","8":"category-conferences","9":"category-outreach","10":"category-seminar","11":"tag-estado-de-derecho-2","12":"tag-european-union","13":"tag-freedom-of-expression","14":"tag-human-rights","15":"tag-judicial-independence","16":"tag-rule-of-law","17":"tag-values"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Conference\u00a0&quot;Freedom\u00a0of\u00a0Expression,\u00a0disinformation, and\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0Europe\u201d\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On\u00a0Thursday,\u00a0February\u00a026, 2026,\u00a0the\u00a0conference\u00a0\u201cFreedom\u00a0of\u00a0Expression,\u00a0Disinformation, and\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0Europe\u201d\u00a0took\u00a0place at\u00a0the\u00a0Colomina Palace,\u00a0organized\u00a0by\u00a0the\u00a0research\u00a0group\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0crisis\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0European\u00a0Union\u00a0at the University CEU Cardenal Herrera.\u00a0Professor\u00a0of\u00a0Public\u00a0International\u00a0Law\u00a0Susana Sanz Caballero, leader\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0CEU-UCH\u00a0research\u00a0group,\u00a0referred\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0new\u00a0research\u00a0project\u00a0funded\u00a0by\u00a0the\u00a0Generalitat Valenciana\u00a0to\u00a0examine\u00a0the\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0decline\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0and\u00a0hybrid\u00a0threats. In\u00a0her\u00a0introduction,\u00a0she\u00a0noted: \u201cWhile\u00a0debating\u00a0within\u00a0our\u00a0research\u00a0group,\u00a0we\u00a0realized\u00a0that\u00a0a\u00a0key\u00a0factor\u00a0was\u00a0the\u00a0disinformation\u00a0spread\u00a0by\u00a0both\u00a0state\u00a0and non-state\u00a0actors.\u201d\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/en\/conference-freedom-of-expression-disinformation-and-the-rule-of-law-in-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conference\u00a0&quot;Freedom\u00a0of\u00a0Expression,\u00a0disinformation, and\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0Europe\u201d\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On\u00a0Thursday,\u00a0February\u00a026, 2026,\u00a0the\u00a0conference\u00a0\u201cFreedom\u00a0of\u00a0Expression,\u00a0Disinformation, and\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0Europe\u201d\u00a0took\u00a0place at\u00a0the\u00a0Colomina Palace,\u00a0organized\u00a0by\u00a0the\u00a0research\u00a0group\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0crisis\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0European\u00a0Union\u00a0at the University CEU Cardenal Herrera.\u00a0Professor\u00a0of\u00a0Public\u00a0International\u00a0Law\u00a0Susana Sanz Caballero, leader\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0CEU-UCH\u00a0research\u00a0group,\u00a0referred\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0new\u00a0research\u00a0project\u00a0funded\u00a0by\u00a0the\u00a0Generalitat Valenciana\u00a0to\u00a0examine\u00a0the\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0decline\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Rule\u00a0of\u00a0Law\u00a0and\u00a0hybrid\u00a0threats. In\u00a0her\u00a0introduction,\u00a0she\u00a0noted: \u201cWhile\u00a0debating\u00a0within\u00a0our\u00a0research\u00a0group,\u00a0we\u00a0realized\u00a0that\u00a0a\u00a0key\u00a0factor\u00a0was\u00a0the\u00a0disinformation\u00a0spread\u00a0by\u00a0both\u00a0state\u00a0and non-state\u00a0actors.\u201d\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/rule-of-law-crisis-eu\/en\/conference-freedom-of-expression-disinformation-and-the-rule-of-law-in-europe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Rule of Law crisis in the EU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UCHCEU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T08:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-10T21:23:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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