{"id":2802,"date":"2016-05-18T10:10:20","date_gmt":"2016-05-18T08:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/?p=2802\/"},"modified":"2017-06-21T17:04:30","modified_gmt":"2017-06-21T15:04:30","slug":"joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/en\/joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries\/","title":{"rendered":"Joined up thinking: The multiple causes of dental caries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Caries is caused by sugar, right?&#8230;wrong?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The central\u00a0role of sugar in caries development is amply demonstrated in the literature.It is however important to remember the\u00a0multifactorial ethology of caries, involving free sugar, host factors, microbial components and underlying pathologies.<\/p>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-2802 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/en\/joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries\/under-a-high-magnification-of-10000x-strain-of-staphylococcus-au-2-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/staphylococcus-aureus-140x140.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/staphylococcus-aureus-140x140.jpg 140w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/staphylococcus-aureus-280x280.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/en\/joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries\/brushtechnique-e1459944441163-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/brushtechnique-e1459944441163-140x140.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/en\/joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries\/dessert-2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/dessert-140x140.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/dessert-140x140.jpg 140w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/dessert-280x280.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p><strong>So how did this complex spiral begin?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The establishment of agricultural and later industrial societies induced changes in the human oral microenvironment, leading to the increase in oral colonisation\u00a0of cariogenic bacteria and caries rates.<\/p>\n<p>There is some contradictory archaeological evidence from fossil records demonstrating\u00a0that high caries prevalence was linked to plant foods used by Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. \u00a0These findings suggest that the oral environment in humans was already changing at that early stage, towards the enrichment of disease-provoking microorganisms. \u00a0Placing this shift\u00a0prior to the change to\u00a0agriculture-based diets demonstrates that humans have created caries causing environments in the oral cavity for a longer period of time than previously thought.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3325\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2558\" height=\"1240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton.jpg 2558w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton-315x153.jpg 315w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton-768x372.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton-650x315.jpg 650w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2016\/05\/Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Anton-696x337.jpg 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2558px) 100vw, 2558px\" \/>How do microbes contribute to the caries process?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Streptococcus mutans is thought to have acquired gtf genes (virulence associated genes) through horizontal gene transfer, which allowed its evolution toward forming cariogenic biofilm. Recent research shows\u00a0that transitions between diverse microflora, environmental changes, and immunological components can modify the overall community metabolism, raising the hypothesis of a polymicrobial nature of caries formation. \u00a0Furthermore, several gene polymorphisms might explain in part why individuals exposed to similar environmental backgrounds show distinguished caries experiences.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2807\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/91560246.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"473\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/91560246.jpg 473w, https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2017\/03\/91560246-315x241.jpg 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/>What are the modern factors contributing to caries?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Different patterns of cariogenic microbiota were found in populations with and without access \u00a0 to preventive dental care, while socioeconomic and educational status remain major caries risk factors.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, although free sugars contributed to the global pandemic of dental caries, the outcomes of their introduction in human diet relied on the interaction between microbial, host, and social aspects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Caries is caused by sugar, right?&#8230;wrong? The central\u00a0role of sugar in caries development is amply demonstrated in the literature.It is however important to remember the\u00a0multifactorial ethology of caries, involving free sugar, host factors, microbial components and underlying pathologies. So how did this complex spiral begin? The establishment of agricultural and later industrial societies induced changes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":67,"featured_media":3325,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[496],"tags":[520,458,521],"class_list":{"0":"post-2802","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-curiosities","8":"tag-dental-caries","9":"tag-microbe","10":"tag-pleistocene"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Joined up thinking: The multiple causes of dental caries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/odontologia\/en\/joined-up-thinking-the-multiple-causes-of-dental-caries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Joined up thinking: The multiple causes of dental caries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Caries is caused by sugar, right?&#8230;wrong? The central\u00a0role of sugar in caries development is amply demonstrated in the literature.It is however important to remember the\u00a0multifactorial ethology of caries, involving free sugar, host factors, microbial components and underlying pathologies. So how did this complex spiral begin? 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