{"id":790,"date":"2011-10-25T09:19:56","date_gmt":"2011-10-25T09:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/eponimos-cientificos\/?p=790"},"modified":"2022-02-15T09:54:47","modified_gmt":"2022-02-15T08:54:47","slug":"reaccion-de-gallois","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/eponimos-cientificos\/reaccion-de-gallois\/","title":{"rendered":"REACCI\u00d3N DE GALLOIS"},"content":{"rendered":"

GALLOIS (S. XIX)
\n<\/strong>Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Jaime Lor\u00e9n (2010)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nDatos biogr\u00e1ficos<\/strong>
\nSe supone que fue farmac\u00e9utico, pero nada m\u00e1s sabemos\u00a0sobre su persona, tan s\u00f3lo que descubri\u00f3 en 1877 la estrofantina en uni\u00f3n del ingl\u00e9s E. Hardy. En efecto, el g\u00e9nero\u00a0Strophantus, determinado ya por De Candolle en 1802, se\u00a0compone de m\u00e1s de 25 especies de plantas, principalmente\u00a0de origen africano, suelen tener tallos le\u00f1osos que destilan\u00a0un jugo lechoso al ser heridas, y trepadoras en \u00e1rboles\u00a0altos. Las semillas de S. hispidus y de S. Kombe tienen propiedades medicinales como recogen las farmacopeas alemana y francesa.<\/p>\n

Era ya conocido el uso que los ind\u00edgenas de la zona de\u00a0Senegambia hac\u00edan de estas semillas para emponzo\u00f1ar las\u00a0puntas de sus flechas, hasta la d\u00e9cada de los a\u00f1os 60 del\u00a0siglo XIX no se consigui\u00f3 determinar las sustancias responsables de esta actividad. Las propiedades cardiacas de\u00a0la droga fueron reconocidas por Sharpey (1862), Pelikan (1865), Fraser (1871), pero no fue hasta 1885 que empez\u00f3\u00a0a interesar de forma importante a la clase m\u00e9dica.<\/p>\n

En este contexto Gallois y Hardy identificaron en 1877 la\u00a0estrofantina en las semillas de las plantas de Strophanthus\u00a0hispidus (\u201cJournal Pharm. Chim.\u201d, 25, 177). Se trata de\u00a0una sustancia que se obten\u00eda por extracci\u00f3n con alcohol\u00a0acidulado con \u00e1cido clorh\u00eddrico, es soluble en agua fr\u00eda y\u00a0puede ser hidrolizada con \u00e1cidos diluidos en az\u00facar. En las\u00a0aristas de las semillas Gallois y Hardy identificaron asimismo un nuevo alcaloide, Ine\u00edna, hallazgo que no fue\u00a0confirmado con posterioridad.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lo mismo que la digital, la estrofantina se ha usado para\u00a0casos de debilidad cardiaca, pulso d\u00e9bil y baja presi\u00f3n\u00a0arterial, as\u00ed como en endocarditis, palpitaci\u00f3n, reflejos\u00a0hist\u00e9ricos y neurast\u00e9nicos. Tambi\u00e9n se utiliz\u00f3 en asma\u00a0cardiaca y bronquial, tosferina, anemia perniciosa, nefritis\u00a0cr\u00f3nica e, incluso, edemas, hidropes\u00eda y afecciones renales\u00a0asociadas a trastornos del coraz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Reacci\u00f3n de Gallois<\/strong>
\nReacci\u00f3n que se realiza para reconocer la presencia de inosita en la orina. De la muestra de orina objeto del ensayo se elimina el az\u00facar por fermentaci\u00f3n y la alb\u00famina por ebullici\u00f3n. Luego se a\u00f1ade al l\u00edquido filtrado una gota de una soluci\u00f3n de nitrato mercurioso, se extiende el precipitado que se forma en la c\u00e1psula donde se ha efectuado el tratamiento y se deseca. Cuando existe inosita en la orina, al calentar suavemente el residuo seco toma \u00e9ste un color rojo oscuro m\u00e1s o menos acentuado.<\/p>\n

Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n

AN\u00d3NIMO (1988): Gallois (Reacci\u00f3n de). Enciclopedia\u00a0Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana, 25, 617. Madrid,\u00a0Espasa-Calpe.<\/p>\n

ROLD\u00c1N GUERRERO, R. (1953): Descubridores e inventores poco conocidos. Bolet\u00edn de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola\u00a0de Historia de la Farmacia, 13, 16. Madrid.<\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Jaime Lor\u00e9n<\/strong>
\nUniversidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (Moncada, Valencia)
\n(Septiembre, 2010)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GALLOIS (S. 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