{"id":772,"date":"2011-10-25T09:12:46","date_gmt":"2011-10-25T09:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/eponimos-cientificos\/?p=772"},"modified":"2022-02-15T09:54:47","modified_gmt":"2022-02-15T08:54:47","slug":"reactivo-y-reactivo-de-gerrard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.uchceu.es\/eponimos-cientificos\/reactivo-y-reactivo-de-gerrard\/","title":{"rendered":"REACTIVO Y REACTIVO DE GERRARD"},"content":{"rendered":"

A.W.\u00a0GERRARD (S. XIX)
\n<\/strong>Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Jaime Lor\u00e9n (2010)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nDatos biogr\u00e1ficos<\/strong>
\nFarmac\u00e9utico ingl\u00e9s que fue profesor de farmacia en el\u00a0University College. Descubri\u00f3 la Duboisina, la Ulexina, la\u00a0Tulipina y la Narcisina.<\/p>\n

La Duboisia es un arbusto grande que se encuentra en\u00a0Australia y Nueva Caledonia. Los primeros ensayos sobre\u00a0sus propiedades medicinales fueron realizados por el m\u00e9dico de Brisbane (Australia) J. Bancroft, que present\u00f3 la\u00a0planta al bar\u00f3n Von Mueller para proceder a la identificaci\u00f3n de las sustancias activas que conten\u00eda, adem\u00e1s de\u00a0enviar muestras al Museo de la Sociedad Farmac\u00e9utica\u00a0Brit\u00e1nica.<\/p>\n

Gerrard en Inglaterra y Petit en Francia (\u201cPharmaceutical\u00a0Journal\u201d, tomo 3, volumen 7, p\u00e1gina 787) anunciaron casi\u00a0al mismo tiempo el descubrimiento del alcaloide que llamaron Duboisine. Su acci\u00f3n farmacol\u00f3gica sobre el hombre y los animales es muy similar a la belladona y bele\u00f1o, y se usaba como midri\u00e1tico en sustituci\u00f3n de la atropina, y por su antagonismo con la muscarina en la intoxicaci\u00f3n por setas.<\/p>\n

En 1889 A.W. Gerrard identific\u00f3 por vez primera el alcaloide que llam\u00f3 Piturine (\u201cPharmaceutical Journal Transactions\u201d) en las hojas de Duboisia hopwoodii, F. Mueller.<\/p>\n

Desde hac\u00eda tiempo se sab\u00eda que los nativos de Australia\u00a0Central usaban las hojas de este arbusto para fortalecerse\u00a0durante las largas marchas o en los momentos de fatiga en\u00a0medio de las batallas. Tiene propiedades farmacol\u00f3gicas\u00a0muy similares a duboisine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Reacci\u00f3n y Reactivo de Gerrard<\/strong>
\nSe trata de una soluci\u00f3n formada por 5 gramos de cloruro\u00a0merc\u00farico en 95 de alcohol de 50\u00ba, que se emplea como\u00a0reactivo para detectar la presencia de atropina. Calentando\u00a01 mgr. de atropina con 2 cc. de este reactivo aparece un\u00a0precipitado rojo de \u00f3xido merc\u00farico, al mismo tiempo que\u00a0se forma el clorhidrato del alcaloide. Esta reacci\u00f3n no\u00a0ocurre con otros alcaloides y gluc\u00f3sidos, s\u00f3lo se presenta\u00a0con la base libre pero no con sus sales.<\/p>\n

Lleva tambi\u00e9n el nombre de Reactivo de Gerrard una soluci\u00f3n que se prepara a\u00f1adiendo soluci\u00f3n de cianuro pot\u00e1sico\u00a0del 50 % al reactivo de Fehling hasta decoloraci\u00f3n, y mezclando luego el l\u00edquido incoloro con un volumen igual del\u00a0reactivo de Fehling. El l\u00edquido resultante, de color azul, se\u00a0decolora hervido con glucosa.<\/p>\n

Bibliograf\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n

AN\u00d3NIMO (1988): Gerrard (Reactivo de). Enciclopedia\u00a0Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana, 25, 1483. Madrid, Espasa-Calpe.<\/p>\n

GERRARD A.W. (1884): Quantit\u00e0 relativa di alcaloide\u00a0contenuto nella belladonna selvatica e contivata. Annali di\u00a0Chimica Applicata alla medicina, 79 (3), 296-298.<\/p>\n

ROLD\u00c1N GUERRERO, R. (1953): Descubridores e inventores poco conocidos. Bolet\u00edn de la Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola\u00a0de Historia de la Farmacia, 13, 16. Madrid.<\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Jaime Lor\u00e9n<\/strong>
\nUniversidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU (Moncada, Valencia)
\n(Septiembre, 2010)<\/p>\n

Descargar<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A.W.\u00a0GERRARD (S. 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